According to @Matt_Hougan, most crypto network-effect analysis is oversimplified to Metcalfe’s Law, and he recommends a16z’s 2018 framework outlining 16 concrete measures—such as organic acquisition share, customer acquisition cost, multi-homing rate, onboarding friction, cohort retention, power-user conversion, and pricing power—to assess real network effects for valuation and trading use. source: @Matt_Hougan on X, Dec 5, 2025; a16z 2018 article on measuring network effects. He states that network effects can be a useful tool for valuing blockchains if these second-level metrics are considered, making them directly relevant to trading and valuation decisions. source: @Matt_Hougan on X, Dec 5, 2025.